Iron deficiency anaemia can involve more than tiredness. Changes in concentration, unusual cravings and changes to hair or nails can also occur. These are possible clues to discuss with a doctor, not a way to diagnose yourself.
Iron helps the body make haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. As Kingston and Richmond NHS Foundation Trust explains, persistently low iron can lead to falling haemoglobin levels and iron deficiency anaemia. Low iron and anaemia are related, but the terms are not interchangeable.
Five signs that may be less familiar
- Difficulty concentrating: Problems with concentration and memory are among the symptoms listed in the US National Institutes of Health’s iron factsheet. An episode of forgetfulness does not establish an iron deficiency.
- Cold hands and feet: The US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute includes these among possible symptoms. It also notes that mild or moderate iron deficiency anaemia may produce no symptoms.
- Hair loss: The NHS symptom guide includes increased hair loss among less common signs.
- Changes to nails: The same NHS guide identifies changes such as nails developing a spoon-like shape.
- Craving non-food substances: Wanting to eat things such as paper or ice is called pica. The NHS lists it as another possible symptom.
These observations are reasons to seek assessment when concerned, rather than proof that iron supplements are needed.
Why blood tests matter
A doctor’s assessment can include medical history, diet and a physical examination. The NHLBI’s guide to diagnosing anaemia explains that a complete blood count measures several components of blood, including red blood cells and haemoglobin. Test results need interpretation in the context of the individual.
For suspected iron deficiency anaemia, NHLBI also describes checks of blood iron and ferritin levels. Symptoms alone cannot provide those measurements.
Finding the cause matters too. Kingston and Richmond’s guidance identifies blood loss, difficulty absorbing iron, increased requirements and insufficient dietary iron as possible reasons for low iron. Assuming that diet is the only explanation can leave the underlying cause unexamined.
The Trust advises taking iron tablets only when a doctor recommends them. NIH also warns that excessive supplemental iron can cause harm and interact with medicines. This article provides general information, not a diagnosis or an individual treatment plan.
